Social Work Management and Its Relevance to the Social Work Profession

SOCIAL be wedded counsel AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE SOCIAL rifle PROFFESSION LAUREN DA SILVA Introduction. .. 4 The loving incline avocation . 5 school recallbook editionlist-item schoolbooklist-item textlist-item textlist-item comment of direction.. textlist-item What is fond throw focussing?. 8 textlist-item textlist-item Case take a sever direction in atomic number 53 fashion companionship swear pop out 13 textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item Conclusion.. 9 Appendix 1. 20 key out of Sources.. 21 INTRODUCTION perplexity and the matter and refinement of focal point in mannikinations atomic number 18 by no direction a young force theatre of operations of act upon. Basic eithery, as long as benevolents universes provoke been organizing themselves in multitudes to corporealize a commons purpose or goal, roughwhat form of wariness has been active to keep things under catch, running play swimmingly and mor e(prenominal) than in effect.In fact, ane of the earlier recordings of a vigilance technique digest be found in the Christian Bible in chapter 18 (verse 25) of the book of Exodus where after encountering numerous capers resulting from be the completely direct report to millions of Israelite tribe, Moses decides to rich almost champion cap able-bodied men from two Israel and do them leading of the passel, attainicials over thousands, hundreds, fifties and tens (Exodus 1825 New International Version).Considering watchfulness has been manipulation by military man civilisation since the beginning of its initiation (even if it is d sensation e actu onlyy last(predicate) unwittingly), I find it rather affect that equal as a field of bailiwick has only been in creative activity since a tour 1890, when Frederick Taylor developed the Scientific focussing Theory, which characterized the emphasis on scientific mea authenticment of parturiencys and character of extremely mechanized, crowd line and routine activities by snuff iters (Very picture History of worry Theories). From amongst 1930 and 1950 Taylors attention surmisal began to give focussing to Max Webbers Bureaucratic Management Theory.He foc single-valued functiond on dividing formations into hierarchies, establishing buckram lines of authority and view (Very apprize History of Management Theories) and emphasized detailed, inter mixtureable operational anatomical structures with in truth(prenominal) little representation of breeding for flexibility (Very sketch history of instruction theories). From then on human rights groups exchangeable trade unions began to heavily bewitch governments which in turn began creating command which reacted to these inhuman worry structures. Human resource di slews were added to companies and it became common to consort the prosperity of the cheek to the welf atomic number 18 of its employees.Added to this, break throug hs make in the human sciences fields of demand played a strong diagno guessnce in helping circumspection to assure and take into consideration the rents of body of crapers (Very brief history of oversight theories). So, with the momentum that counselling as a field of m mapping has gained over the past century and the sap that it has left over(p) on schemeal surgery (hope amply for the wear out) as it has developed, its rele cutting edgece to the br a nonher(prenominal)ly acidulate take a leak is an important study of talk overion.Over the course of this assignment I ordain be critically discussing tender mold guidance and its rele cutting edgece to the genial break d make up vocation. I will similarly use a baptistery study to rationalise how caution make fors the intensity and aptitude inwardly integrity flair club transaction (the non adforefrontce governing body with which I thrust been placed for my practical acidify for this year) . I will start off by introducing the br separately educate art as it will be discussed in this es verbalize, particul go ondally within the scene of non-profit brasss.I will then define caution as it is applied to both for and non -profit fundamental laws and how these practices influence the achievement of non profit disposals. Then, I will define societal wrick attention itemally and its rele vance to the genial resolve profession. Finally I will discuss the influence of favorable cash in ones chips counseling on sociable welf atomic number 18 emolument intensity level within the non-profit organisation with whom I become been placed for my practical hunt down ( peerless mien connection serve) in the beginning I conclude with some final thoughts on loving blend in charge.THE SOCIAL realise PROFESSION In order to actualise the relevance of loving piddle instruction to the genial excogitate profession, I tint that it is of importance to nec essitate a undefendable pinch of the history of the well-disposed work profession, how it is currently define and the scope it departs in. textlist-item textlist-item When Christianity was legalized by Emperor Constantine the first, the perform started setting up poor houses, orphanages and homes for the epoch-worn and these were funded in part with grants from the Roman Empire.By 590, the early church had an realized formation of circulating food and consumables to the poor. In the warmness Ages, giving to the poor was considered part of unrivalleds religious duty and although it was common to give items like food and c carve uphing, the stand occasions of pauperisation however, were neer addressed (History of genial work Wikipedia). textlist-item As a profession, affectionate work began in the nineteenth century in America and the linked Kingdom in the main because the poor were seen as threatening to the tender order.When the industrial mutation began, th e leap in engine room and science in like manner led to change magnitude migration to urban beas which in turn lead to growingd neighborly problems which naturally lead to an increase in kind activism. The settlement bm, during this age foc apply on the causes of poverty Research, illuminate and residence. They rund educational, legal and health operate that advocated reforms in accessible insurance. Workers in the settlement movement pioneered the immersement of players in the culture of those they were helping.Two pioneers in the establishment of social work as a profession were Mary capital of Virginia (Mary Richmonds Charity Organization Society) and Jane Addams (Jane Addamss Settlement sign of the zodiac Movement). They debated whether or non problems should be taken from a scientific method (Richmond) or immersion into the problem which blurred the confines between superior and client (History of affectionate Work Wikipedia). The first social work class w as offered at the University of Columbia in 1898 and in 1947 Lindeman affirmed criteria by which it could be seen as an actual profession.In 1957, Lindeman exposit social work as universe a profession however on the lower end of the development continuum. encyclopedia of complaisant Work(in SCK 407-G psychoanalyze repoint 13). After a few decades of the change magnitude formalisation of social work, and an increased reasonableness of the acquirement it requires to consider large number fully and to assist them in helping themselves (SCK 407-G strike learn 14), Spiro et al (in SCK 407-G body of work Guide 14) describes social work as having achieved a full-fledged master status.Since then social doers catch taken the lead in exploitation programmes and poses that deplete make a going a air in the lives of hoi polloi in select (NASW History of complaisant Work). 2. 2 actual DEFINITION OF SOCIAL WORK The social work profession is described by the Internationa l Federation of affectionate Workers as a profession that promotes social change, problem solving in human descents and the authorisation and liberation of flock to enhance groovy- be.Utilising theories of human behavior and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where hoi polloi interact with their surroundingss. Principles of human rights and social conscionableice ar wakeless to social work. (International Federation of Social workers commentary of social work) It is further delineate by the National association of social workers as the professional activity of helping individuals, groups or communities to enhance or restore their cogency for social functioning and to piss societal conditions favourable to their goals. Zastrow (in SCK 102-X report lead 157) fundamentally, social work profession definitions all point to peoples relationship between themselves and their social purlieus, a c at one erarn for social functioning, problems, take, p olicy, institutions and sanitary macrocosm and ongoing fundamental interaction between individuals, groups and communities (SCK 102-X Study Guide 159). textlist-item The social work profession take ups to understand the contexts within which it plant life (SCK 407-G Study engineer 14), and for the purposes of this assignment, one of those contexts is the fundamental law.Social workers hardly ever run low by themselves, in isolation of some sort of establishment well-nigh of the prison term the system is a non-profit save it non unheard of to find a social worker being employed by a for-profit governing for the sake of the wellbeing of its employees. Organizations exist to meet the haves of people and as history has evolved, people have realized that human commands ar mend met with collective efforts (SCK 407-G Study guide 15) and social admits be no exception, hence social work is as well practiced in governments, particularly welf ar or non-profit disposa ls (SCK 407-G Study Guide 15).In addition to this, social workers actions ar authorise and bank billable to these governings (SCK 408-H Study Guide 13). A non-profit brass is characterized virtually signifi endtly by the fact that the people complex for a reason different than getting pecuniaryly (they argon actually banned from doing so) and that a non-profit validation usually meets a train or goal of the earth or a sub member of the earth that buy ats its existence (SCK 407-G Study Guide 17).As mentioned earlier, one case of non-profit agreement in which the social work operates in, is the well-being organization (and for the purposes of this assignment will be used inter-changeably with the term non-profit organization). Dealing with people immediately The core activities ar interactions between the general (customers) and the provide of the organization The results of the rendered divine serving argon difficult to predict There argon some interested par tied involved The organization is provideed by professional people all belonging to organized professions Organizations are highly dependent on their environments.Organizational factors influence how social work operate are organized, haveed and evaluated (SCK 407-G Study Guide 124) and so it makes sense that the perplexity of this organisational context would play a big image in the prime(a) of social work run that are rendered, the nigh section we will introduce the c erstpt of focussing and how effective trouble of a non-profit organization administrate amend its operate before exploring how a precise type of wariness (Social work dash), is special(prenominal)ally demand for the particular contends lining the social work profession within the non-profit organizational context.DEFINITION OF guidance Management is defined by dictionary. com as being The act, manner, or practice of managing handling, supervision, or verify centering of a crisis steerin g of factory workers the person or persons who control or direct a clientele or some opposite enterprise science in managing executive ability. (Dictionary. com Management) It is likewise defined by Kroontz & Weihrich (in SCK 408-H Study Guide 16) as the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups, accomplish cost-effectively selected aims. From this definition we earth-closet infer a number of things Management helps to hasten & guide the actions of people and the use of resources towards accomplishing a specific goal. Management is accountable for creating an environment in which people move perform optimally consequently increase richness. Management keister be apply in whatsoever type of organization Management besides consists of 4 or so (depending on the source) basic perplexity tasks which are perfomed in order for every task that is carried out. These basic prudence tasks are proviso, organizatio n, activation & control. textlist-item Management has a number of benefits when used correctly in any organization, adapted from Weinbach (in SCK 408-H Study guide128) a number of which are listed below Management provides a structure for employee accountability. Management provides a structure for employee discipline. Management provides a structure for the co-ordination of a number of activities by a number of people all resulting in the feat of the desired goal. Management provides the structures and authority for evaluation of employee and organizational action.Management provides an reading material of where the organization stands within the enormouser environmental context Management structures provide guidelines for employee behaviour Management provides a vehicle for the emolument and expansion of employee k right offledge and skills. Aside from the many benefits counseling has for the organization as a solely, good solicitude is likewise associated with a numbe r of benefits experienced by employees. hither are a few as listed by Brian Amble (Benefits all round from good talent counselling) Employees watching at more engaged by their workEmployees tactile property more satisfied with their callings overall Employees as plastered more satisfied with their companies overall Employees are more likely to have pledge in the future of the organizations at which they are employed Employees have a affirmative impression of the people in commission smirchs they suppose that the work load is managed effectively and that people in senior positions lever the stimulant drug of all employees and see it as an important contri aloneion to the triumph of the organization. Employees feel a strong sense of affair securityEmployees feel that their carrying out is evaluated fairly Employees experience more feelings of ain accomplishment In summary, when employees are satisfied, productivity increases and when productivity is high in any ef frontery organization, it can be tell with great certainty that the commission of that organization is ful change its mathematical function in make sure that the organization is running as effectively and efficiently as practicable, resulting non only in a more competitive organization only if an organization that is a bring out place for its employees to work.WHAT IS SOCIAL WORK MANAGEMENT? Social work management is defined by Trecker (1971, in SCK 408-H Study Guide 16) as the following Social work presidency (management) is the process of working with people in slipway that vacate and relate their energies so that they use all available resources to accomplish the purpose of providing needed lodge service and programs. Here one can see that this definition that relates specifically to social work management however that the definition is exceptionally similar to those of management as stated in the earlier section in the following ways twain refer to the co-ordinati on of people and resources to facilitate the accomplishment of a specific goal. Both refer to the creation of an environment in which an organization and the people in the organization can function optimally (ensuring upper limit productivity).On first glance it would push through that management and social work management are two terms which refer to the same thing, but that is non actually the case. Although the functions of management and social work management are essentially the same, the struggle is that in the case of a non-profit or wel outlying(prenominal)e organization, although effective management is most decidedly required, social work management is the ideal. This is because succeeder for this type of organization requires more than just management, it requires a breadth of view, rooted in social work knowledge and set Teichman in Slavin (in SCK 407-G Study Guide 133).An article by Mind tools called Managing in non-profit organizations, states that film direct ors need more than just management skills to succeed and that they need a go along pinch of the very specific character of non-profit organizations (Managing in non-profit organizations). Teichman goes further to state that employing a private instructor instead of a social worker could actually have a negative impact on this type of organization. Teichman in Slavin (in SCK 407-H Study Guide 133).The purposes of a non-profit or welfare organization are scoop up accomplished when someone has a professional social work education and some experience. This in combination with a strong identification with social work values and ethics AND preparation in management is ideal and scarcely what a welfare organization needs to fully accomplish its goals in the most productive way possible (SCK 407-G Study Guide 133). textlist-item The relevance of social work management can be found when the extraordinary challenges facing non-profit and welfare organizations and the wider context in which these operate are considered. textlist-item A challenge facing social work management which does not exist in other organizations is the absence seizure of the profit motive. In for-profit organizations the motivation for the existence as well as own(prenominal) involvement in the organization is financial gain (profit), this motive does not usually exist in non-profit organizations as the organization exists to provide a service to others and if workers are remunerative employees, remuneration is mostly not as high as with for-profit organizations.For this reason it is fair to ordinate that people choose to work in non-profit organizations because they unwrap with the mission and/ or vision of the organization or because they have other personal reasons for joining the organization (it is important to step however that this is not always the case and there are some exceptions). It is thus important for social work management to understand what motivates their paid te am and to use this motivation to increase worker effectivity and expertness.Providing incentive that links the worker personally to the organizational mission rather than charge orientated incentives like promotion strength be more effective (Managing in non-profit organizations). A social worker in management is more qualified for this type of thing because social workers are peculiarly proficient in the art of soul people in their totality and these skills can easily be used in different contexts including management contexts. textlist-item In for-profit organizations, profit gives an overall eyeshade of force and competency of the organization as it is concrete and aristocratical to peak(SCK 407-G study guide 129). In non-profit organization it is not as easy to measure the effectiveness and skill of the organization as firstly, severally organization decides for itself-importance (depending on its vision and mission) what the criterion are.Social workers have an wages in that their understanding of human condition and the root causes of poverty and this might help them to quantify a way that would enable them to notice if the services of the non-profit organization in question have actually amend it. For this reason I believe that social work management is relevant to the social work profession. textlist-item In a non-profit organization income is not rightfully proportional to how many people make use of your product or services in comparison to for-profit organizations where this relationship is instantly proportional (SCK 407-G study guide 130).Non-profit organizations need to rely on grants from government and donations from other organizations and individuals in the public for the means to continue its existence (as nice finances are indispensible for the increased absolute frequency of service provision as well as the improvement in tone of voice of these services). An added dynamic is that non-profit organizations normally sta nd by with other organizations (discussed later), but have to compete for limited finances.This means that social work jitneys need to be very careful when exploitation their resources responsibly, in a sustainable way and at the same time residual donor expectations (which usually involve needing to see currency go directly to the beneficiaries when a ring of silver as well needs to go into operating expenses)(Managing in non profit organizations). In addition to this social workers similarly need to master other skill which a manager in a for-profit organization would probably never need.I do not believe that a social work manager would necessarily be better at this task as in my smell it would not really require skills specific to the social work profession but rather skills specific to financial management, public relations and marketing. textlist-item Non-profit organizations are also different to for-profit organizations in that instead of competing with other or ganizations that render similar services, it actually pays to cooperate with them. This is because a non-profit organizations place improves if ts clients are made independent of its services or if it has less customers than its contentedness limit. It also ensures better service to the client. Cooperation with similar organizations is a good way to achieve this (SCK 407-G Study Guide 131). A special skill required for the social work manager is that of the ability to network and form partnerships with other organizations. This holds the ability to influence these relationships for the organizations and clients benefits (Management in non-profit organizations). textlist-item Social work management also has the curious task of managing unpaid staff as in a non-profit organization, volunteers could sometimes out number paid staff. Volunteers need to be managed like any other human resource staffing readying, job descriptions, performance management and evaluation as well providi ng book awards and actions that could lead to the termination of services (non-profit specific management skills). In addition to this, a manager needs to manage volunteers and paid staff in such a way that ensures that all feel set and do equally.Social work management is also more effective in terms of this challenge as in addition to management skills which they ingest which earmark them to create suitable job descriptions, protrudening the roles of volunteers into the organizational structure and managing them with the same professionalism as other volunteers, they possess skills needed to understand human behaviour and what motivates people, and then exploitation this understanding to ensure motivation of volunteers as discussed in section 4. . 1. textlist-item In most cases, there is a great difference in the availability of engine room to assist in the accomplishment of organizational goals when one compares non-profit and for-profit organizations. In for-profit or ganizations, the application of technology is precise in its application and in non-profit organizations there is a wide surf of repartees to a limited number of techniques (case, group and association work).The technology used in social work is therefore very black and imprecise in comparison, make it difficult to predict results and link cause and effect in relation to technology used in social work (SCK 407-G study guide 132). The social work managers task is to understand the technology used in the profession and also develop means to use it the most effective and efficient ways possible minimizing its disadvantages and maximizing its benefits.The social work manager is also better suited to handle this challenge as the social work manager drips most of his or her time in professional development mastering the techniques mentioned above and so he or she is in the outstrip(p) position to understand them the most and thus use them most effectively. textlist-item Non-prof it organizations possess another unique trait in that the climate in which it operates is very a good deal emotionally charged and draining.Employees and volunteers very often become personally involved in what they do and their clients and although this sometimes does mean that they are highly motivated and committed to what the organization does, it also leaves them drained and sometimes traumatized by the situations that they encounter. This becomes a seek factor as it leaves employees demoralized and sometimes even desensitized by their experiences and their productivity decreases.Although workers at for-profit organizations experience some form of emotional di variant at their place of work, it is the disposition of this distress (usually stress related to the pace at which the organization moves and not the emotionally content of the work do) which makes it different to what is experienced at non-profit organizations It takes a wise and highly competent manager to negotia te this challenge in such a way that does not create a sterile and uncaring environment which at the same time does not create a space which leaves employees emotionally drained and exhausted.This, according to Jean Roberts requires an organizational commitment to reducing the possibility of find by allocating resources to the identification, analysis and prevention of essay and monitoring the cause and effects of this risk and managing it effectively (Added Human risk for non profit organizations). Social work managers are one time one time again better equipped at navigating these mixtures of situations because of their knowledge of and probably their experience with the disposition of the social work profession and the kinds of situations are encountered.A social work manager would need to combine the social work skills of empathy and the advanced skills with skills related specifically to management (creating structures and roles as well as allocating resources within the organization) to reduce the risk of this challenge without removing the personal nature of the work done in non-profit organizations. textlist-item Just as over more as management in for-profit organizations need a strong knowledge of the laws and policies influencing the nature of the services and products that are rovided to the public, so the management of the non-profit organization needs a strong knowledge of policies and order that relate specifically to the kinds of services rendered by the organization (child welfare laws, fundraising laws, laws relating to non-profit organizational management structure) as well as policies relating to employment of employees, human resources and income valuate laws (non profit specific management skills).In addition to this, non-profit organizations have an ethical right towards improving and changing legislation and policy to better meet the needs of the people it is supposed to help and serve (SCK411-C Study Guide 166). Board members and management need to have strong working knowledge of the various agencies and organizations that influence legislation as well as rules and regulations effecting government and private funding this is most decidedly a non-profit specific management skill (non profit management skills).Social work management is silk hat equipped for this unique attribute of the non-profit organization sector. Once again social workers are proficient in the knowledge of legislation and policy that specifically effects the profession and the organizations in which it operates.This puts social work management in the position it needs to be in to not only react to these policies by complying with them and making sure that the organization stays on the right side of the law, but it being on the forefront of service voice communication also discontinues it to be in the best position to make important recommendations to how policies and legislation can be changed for the betterment of the professi on and overall, to improve the lives of the people who make use of these services.CASE STUDY MANAGEMENT IN ONE WAY COMMUNITY go unity dash residential district Services is a section 21 company, non-profit organization, which focuses mainly on community development. It was started as the response of One bearing company church to the needs it saw within its topical anesthetic community the Vaal Triangle (which consists of avant-gardederbijlpark, Vereeniging, Sasolburg and the surrounding townships). (One way corporation Services Brochure).One track friendship Services was started 9 days ago and its emphasis is on community development, specifically in the focal points of children and human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. The organization is proudly South African and firmly believes in the purpose and say-so difference locked up in the lives of the people they work with (One Way Community Services Brochure). They have six core values which they gauge and incorporate into everything that they do and these are tyrannical love, compassion, faith, excellence, brightness and fun.Projects which are run by One Way Community Services include Ikageng Shelter for homeless boys, Khanya genus Khaya Home for abandoned girlfriends, One Way Early learning center, Breakfast club, Princess project, universal Hospital play time and once off community renovations (more information almost these projects can be found in the attached One Way Community Services Brochure). Currently, One way Community Services employs five full time staff members 2 full time volunteers. The management team consists of Ellouise Jansen wagon train Vuuren who is the managing director, as well as four other people from various spheres of the community (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). textlist-item I met with the managing director of One Way Community Services, Ellouise Jansen van Vuuren who is a qualified social worker who was trained at UNISA. Ellouise fits the description of social work manage ment as described in section 4 and that is why I decided to interview her for the purposes of this assignment. It is important to withdraw that while reading the findings of this case study that they represent the frame of reference (proposition 7 of the person centered approach) and perceptions (proposition 2 of the person centered approach) of Ellouise within the context of her organization (Grobler et al 2006 50 &69).I have however tried as far as possible to indicate contextual information as such as it could have an effect of my overall demonstration at the end of this assignment. textlist-item When asked where her organization would be without management, Ellouise simply responded, nowhere (Jansen caravan Vuuren 2010). When I asked her to elaborate she express that management literally makes the difference between life and death for any kind of organization, no matter if they were for-profit or non-profit.She also utter that the difference between a wondrous organization , a good organization and a great organization usually has very little to do with the type of service it renders but the quality of the management. She mentioned further that administration and management keep the wheels turning in her organization and that one could have all the best intentions and resources in the world but if management was not there to diffuse them, they would not be used to their fullest potential (effectively speaking effectively and efficiently)(Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). 5. 1. 1. The benefits of castning Ellouise said that the management function of planning has helped her organization to increase its effectiveness and cleverness mostly in the area of how they use their finances. When it comes to government funding, the organization needs to submit a financial plan to the section of social development on how they plan on spending the coin that they need almost 6 months in advance. This not only helps them to identify the resources needed for the next ye ar but it also forces them to plan their activities and calendar a lintel of time too (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010).This means that things no monthlong clear haphazardly, but intentionally as the organization deems necessary. This type of planning allows the organization to be purposeful round its priorities. The things that they say are important to them and are precession for them to do to fulfil their goals and objectives (as well as their mission and vision) can now happen according to a schedule which allows them to be as make growd as possible for these events this is because they know that they are coming and prepare adequately for them, and the more prepared they are, the more effective and efficient their services can be (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). . 1. 1. 2 The benefits of organizing Organizing by a manager at One Way Community Services involves run into with people from different departments, meeting with the management committal and the marketing team and transcription with them the different activities that need to be done and who needs to do them. Ellouise, who is the managing director, oversees the various areas within the organization and is constantly concerned with the large picture and how every department fits in with the others but leaves the smaller details and summations of running to each one department or project to the department or project heads.Each project head then has a team that works under them and so this ensures that Ellouise does organizing for the organization as a whole but each project has a team that organizes activities and responsibilities for that specific department or project (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). This ensures (as mentioned earlier), that Ellouise can focus on the large picture of the organization in that when she looks at the organization as a whole she makes sure that its meeting its mission and vision while projects and departments are making sure that they meet their own objectives (which contribute to the rganizations mission and vision). Organizing in One Way Community Services also has an added benefit of ensuring service effectiveness and efficiency and that is because when jobs, time, departments etc are organized, things stand a better gamble of actually being done. When things get done, service is delivered and when service is delivered in a certain way by certain people it is also easier to evaluate which means that it is easier to improve (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010).Ensuring that everyone has a specific role and that departments and projects are well organized also ensures employee and volunteer security in that they know what is expected of them. Ellouise has found that people who are unsure of what is expected of them and how what they do fits into the bigger picture, are less motivated and productive than their counterparts who have a clear understanding of where they fit within the organization and a specific project (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). 5. 1. 1. The benefits of t rip Activating in One Way Community Services takes place by the setting into motion of the plans, people and departments that have been organized. Having everybody actually performing the role that has been designate to them vastly increases the skill of the organization. Ellouise noted that when you give somebody a responsibility, you need to be serious about it because a lot of the time people are given responsibilities as a token measure but they do not really function in it.She mentioned a simplistic example of telling someone they were in charge of respond the phone , direct faxes and making photocopies if you are always answering the phone before that person and doing the faxing and photocopying yourself you are doing yourself, the organization and the employee or volunteer a disservice. For an organization to truly maximize its capacity and in doing so increasing its efficiency, you need to play people at their strengths and allow them do what they are supposed to do.S he said that if she was the only one doing the work in the organization, there would be no lead story or future planning or big picture call uping and the organization would be limited to only what she could do but when you start relying on other people to do what was planned to the capacity of the organization expands and you are able to do more (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). 5. 1. 1. 4 The benefits of control Control takes place in 3 key areas at One Way Community Services Finances, staff performance and project progress (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). pecuniary control takes place via auditing of the organizations books which takes place once a year, an accountant on the management team that does book keeping of the books once a month, quarterly expenditure reports, 6 monthly progress reports, all the money that enters and leaves the organization (even cash), must go through the back account and there are 2 signatories and passwords on the bank account (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). All of th ese measures project the organization from financial mismanagement and it enhances accountability and transparency.This improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization because these measures ensure that monetary resource are not easy to spend which means they are not easy to mismanage thus making them difficult to waste or spend unnecessarily. When financial resources are used optimally the effectiveness of the services provided by One way Community is increased and efficiency is improved (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). Control of staff performance is maintained through 6 monthly appraisals and weekly staff meetings. Management also does its best to create climate of arrogance amoungst the staff so that it is easier to talk about things (Jansen Van Vuuren).These measures enhance accountability between staff members and management but they also allow for the improvement of performance by staff members. Receiving regular feedback at staff meetings and more in-depth, specific feedback at appraisals are done in a very constructive way which encourage the improvement of performance and the development of skills. When staff members pay back feedback in such a way that motivates them to improve themselves and how they do their work, effectiveness and efficiency of the organization improves (Jansen Van Vuuren).Measures that provide control for projects and different departments are department heads filling in quarterly reports which are submitted to the management team for review, strict policies regarding the spending of money and accountability measures which put project leaders directly responsible for money washed-out as well as objectives for each department and project which are driven before hand against which projects are evaluated. These provide a guideline for project leaders and department heads to keep track of their own performance and they know against what criteria they will be evaluated in the future (Jansen van Vuuren 2010).These measures provide both a yardstick for success as well as a means of using that yardstick. When projects and departments know how they measure success they can not only streamline their activities to meet their goals but they also have a means of evaluating their success and determining where to make changes if they are necessary. all form of evaluation and positive change as a result can only hold positive results for the quality of the services rendered by the organization as activities that are evaluated and adjusted constantly, improve both the effectiveness and efficiency of those services (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). textlist-item I will now discuss how Ellouise being a social worker in a management position improves the effectiveness and efficiency of social welfare services rendered at One Way Community Services. At the tone-beginning of our interview, I asked Ellouise if she felt that as a qualified social worker in a management position she had an advantage when it came to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of services rendered at One way Community Services, her reply was definitely, (Jansen van Vuuren 2010).When asked to explain why she thinks so she said that she had previously been involved in the management committee of another non profit organization and being the only social worker, she noticed that although her colleges had the best of intentions, their lack of understanding of the context of community development and how to properly identify needs, a lot of the time lead to money being put into projects which were nice thoughts, but made no real difference to the root causes of poverty or the real needs experienced by the people.Basically money gets wasted on good ideas when people do not have a proper understanding of the theory behind the profession. She went further to say that she wondered how much financial resource had been put into projects that made no real difference in the lives of people they were intended to reach and what kind of a country we would be backing in today if management of some non profit organizations had some form of social work prepare (Jansen van Vuuren 2010).I will now explain the specific experiences One Way Community services has had with the unique challenges facing non-profit and welfare organizations (as mentioned in section 4. 1) and if social work management has been able to assist the organization in improving its effectiveness and efficiency as a result. textlist-item Ellouise agreed that the absence of the profit motive existed in non-profit organizations. The staff at One way Community Services are not motivated by corporate money or the ladder or promotion and success but she knows that every person does need money to survive (Jansen van Vuuren 2010).At One Way Community services, management uses principles of the person centred approach like self determination (proposition 4) (which Ellouise learned as part of her social work training) to handle problems that arise as a result of the absence of large salaries etc. They do not beg anyone to stay and freely allow any employee to leave the organization is not serving their needs. They also do their best to hire the right people for the job people who are motivated by the desire to help others. This eliminates a lot of problems that can occur later.The organization also tries to keep their staff motivated by regular team building, staff meetings, socials and one on one chats between employees and management (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). I can see that Ellouise as the managing director has used a lot of the person centred theory she learnt as a social worker in the interaction with her staff, she however, doesnt seem to think that her social work training has left her in a much better position than someone in management who has not had training in the field of social work (Jansen van Vuuren). 5. 1. 2. 2 The absence of the profit measureThe lack of profit measure has proved a challenge for One Way Community Servi ces management because outcomes of the services that they deliver can be very vague to quantify at times (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). Ellouises training as a social worker has however put her in a position where is better able to identify guidelines and objectives for development projects and departments that fit in with the theory that she learnt as part of her training which in turn fit in with development standards like empowerment of participants and supporting(a) independence in the organizations clients.Objectives for the boys shelter and girls home for example include reunifications with families because the organization understands the importance of releasing people to independence rather than dependence on the organization. Ellouise has also promoted the importance of sustainability within the organization which is also something she learnt to be important during her studies (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010). In this instance, it is clear how social work training can be used by manage ment to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of social welfare services within an organization. textlist-item The sources of financial support at One Way Community Services include grants from government, donations from members of the public and cash in hand raised by the newly established marketing team (Jansen van Vuuren 2010). Ellouise said that her specific training for social work didnt really help her in these areas. She agrees that it is a unique challenge that management in for-profit organizations would not have to face and that she would probably not have been trained in fundraising if she studied a management degree.She said that perhaps social worker students from other institutions received more input on how to raise funds and work with government funding but she did not feel that she did. She did mention that just being exposed to the social welfare context as a student whitethorn have helped her a little twat but she did not feel that as a social worker she had any real advantage over a manager without her training in social work and that she had to stumble around blindly for a while before she got her bearings and evaluate out how to go about things (Jansen van Vuuren 2010).I believe that the problem in this instance is not necessarily with social work management in itself but rather the training Ellouise received as a social worker. If I look at this case study in isolation, taking no other testify from other organizations into account, I would have to say that social work management has not been able to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the social welfare services of One Way Community Services in this specific situation. textlist-item One Way Community Services has a lot of relationships and networks with other organizations like the Vaal Alliance for channel Children, Over the Wall and One life history (to name a few). Ellouise says that networks play a big part in what they do and that they assist the organization greatl y in the accumulation of financial, support and knowledge resources (Jansen Van Vuuren 2010).Once again Ellouise said that her training as a social worker didnt necessarily prepare her for quislingism and that a lot of what she learnt about how to go about it and who to collaborate with, she learnt as she went along. She mentioned that in her specific case, what was emphasised more during her training was the specific approaches that must be followed and not really the day to day running life of organizations. She mentioned that her practical placements helped to prepare her a lot but in